DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. Qdrant vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. Qdrant vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

A high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	1.16
Rank	#175	Overall
	#6	Vector DBMS

Score	114.32
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

cloud.google.com/spanner

hsqldb.org

github.com/qdrant/qdrant
qdrant.tech

www.sqlite.org

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

qdrant.tech/documentation

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

Google

Qdrant

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

2017

2001

2021

2000

Current release

2.7.2, June 2023

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Rust

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

Keywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

OpenAPI 3.0

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

none

Collection-level replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency, tunable consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Key-based authentication

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