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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Titan vs. UniData,UniVerse

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Titan vs. UniData,UniVerse

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonUniData,UniVerse  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.MultiValue database and application server with SQL mapping layer and meta database capabilities
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMSMultivalue DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.85
Rank#98  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerhsqldb.orgwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titanwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-unidata
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wikidocs.rocketsoftware.com/­bundle?cluster=true&labelkey=unidata&labelkey=prod_unidata
DeveloperGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerAurelius, owned by DataStaxRocket Software
Initial release201720011989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20121985
Current release2.7.2, June 202316.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCJavaC
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesoptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Java API infoJPA
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Python
.Net
Basic infoU2 Basic
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava, SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesyes
Triggersnoyesyesyesyes infoU2 Basic
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes infovia pluggable storage backendsnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACIDACID infoconfigurable
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph ServerAccess rights according to SQL-standard and operating system based

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