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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerhsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasespark.apache.org/­sqlwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftApache Software FoundationOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20172001201020141998
Current release2.7.2, June 2023V123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 202311 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++Scala
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava, SQLTransact SQLnoPL/SQL
Triggersnoyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneyes, utilizing Spark Corenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneyes, with always 3 replicas availablenoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSpark SQLTimesTen
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