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DBMS > etcd vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle NoSQL

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle NoSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.51
Rank#255  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.95
Rank#100  Overall
#17  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#50  Relational DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
cloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­spotify/­heroicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosql
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
cloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleSpotifyMicrosoftOracle
Initial release2017201420162011
Current release3.4, August 201923.3, December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaC++Java
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
hostedhostedLinux
Solaris SPARC/x86
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesoptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infovia Elasticsearchyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoTransact SQLno
Triggersyes, watching key changesnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesyesElectable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonowith Hadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infooff heap cache
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
etcdGoogle Cloud SpannerHeroicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOracle NoSQL
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