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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HBase vs. KeyDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HBase vs. KeyDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonKeyDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableAn ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocols
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeKey-value store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score0.71
Rank#226  Overall
#33  Key-value stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comhbase.apache.orggithub.com/­Snapchat/­KeyDB
keydb.dev
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.keydb.dev
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetEQ Alpha Technology Ltd.
Initial release2017200520082019
Current release2.2.220, July 20232.3.4, January 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSD-3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-free, schema definition possibleschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROpartial infoSupported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes infoby using the Redis Search module
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesnono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization Protoco
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaC
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoCoprocessors in JavaLua
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)Optimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scripts
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoConfigurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logs
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACsimple password-based access control and ACL

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2HBaseKeyDB
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