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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. KeyDB vs. Solr vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. KeyDB vs. Solr vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonKeyDB  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocolsA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache LuceneA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeSearch engineGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score0.71
Rank#226  Overall
#33  Key-value stores
Score42.91
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comgithub.com/­Snapchat/­KeyDB
keydb.dev
solr.apache.orgtinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.keydb.devsolr.apache.org/­resources.html
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextEQ Alpha Technology Ltd.Apache Software Foundation
Initial release20172000201920062009
Current release10.4, October 20239.6.0, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoBSD-3Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++JavaJava
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fieldsschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyespartial infoSupported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infoby using the Redis Search moduleyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoSolr Parallel SQL Interfaceno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
Proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization ProtocoJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityLuaJava pluginsno
Triggersnononoyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduceno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Eventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs
Eventual Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingnonoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDOptimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scriptsoptimistic lockingno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoConfigurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logsyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.simple password-based access control and ACLyesno
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMKeyDBSolrTinkerGraph
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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