DBMS > Google Cloud Firestore vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Firestore vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J vs. TypeDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

TypeDB provides developers with an expressive, customizable type system to manage their data using an award-winning query language, TypeQL, while building on a high-performance, distributed architecture.

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

RDF store

Graph DBMS

The type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the graph database model.
Object oriented DBMS

The data model of TypeDB comprises object-oriented features such as class inheritance and interfaces.
Relational DBMS

The type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the relational database model.

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.63
Rank	#54	Overall
	#9	Document stores

Score	644.36
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.72
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.65
Rank	#230	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#9	Object oriented DBMS
	#107	Relational DBMS

Website

firebase.google.com/products/firestore

www.postgresql.org

rdf4j.org

typedb.com

Technical documentation

firebase.google.com/docs/firestore

www.postgresql.org/docs

rdf4j.org/documentation

typedb.com/docs

Developer

Google

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Vaticle

Initial release

2017

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2004

2016

Current release

16.4, August 2024

2.28.3, June 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (IDE)

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Java
PHP
Python

All JVM based languages
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functions

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Triggers

yes, with Cloud Functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

Synchronous replication via raft

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Using Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more

Competitive advantages

TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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Related products and services

3rd parties

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pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
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We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

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