DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RethinkDB vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RethinkDB vs. SAP HANA

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.13
Rank	#71	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.58
Rank	#105	Overall
	#20	Document stores

Score	41.32
Rank	#23	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Website

cloud.google.com/datastore

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

rethinkdb.com

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

rethinkdb.com/docs

help.sap.com/hana

Developer

Google

Microsoft

The Linux Foundation

since July 2017

SAP

Initial release

2008

1989

2009

2010

Current release

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

2.4.1, August 2020

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Appliance or cloud-service

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes, details here

yes

string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

community-supported driver
C#

community-supported driver
C++

community-supported driver
Clojure

community-supported driver
Dart

community-supported driver
Erlang

community-supported driver
Go

community-supported driver
Haskell

community-supported driver
Java

official driver
JavaScript (Node.js)

official driver
Lisp

community-supported driver
Lua

community-supported driver
Objective-C

community-supported driver
Perl

community-supported driver
PHP

community-supported driver
Python

official driver
Ruby

official driver
Scala

community-supported driver

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

using Google App Engine

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

SQLScript, R

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Client-side triggers through changefeeds

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

range based

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using Paxos

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Atomic single-document operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC based

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

users and table-level permissions

yes

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