DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Raima Database Manager vs. RocksDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Raima Database Manager vs. RocksDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Widely used in-process key-value store

RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into an application or used as a database server

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.36
Rank	#72	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#259	Overall
	#121	Relational DBMS
	#21	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.41
Rank	#86	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Website

cloud.google.com/datastore

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

raima.com

rocksdb.org

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

docs.raima.com

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

Google

Microsoft

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Raima Inc.

Facebook, Inc.

Initial release

2008

1989

1994

1984

2013

Current release

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

18.1.40, May 2020

15, June 2021

9.2.1, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

commercial license available

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Windows

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Android
HP-UX
Integrity RTOS
iOS
Linux
OS X
QNX
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes, details here

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Exporting/Importing of XML structures possible

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Objective-C
PL/SQL

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

using Google App Engine

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

based on the ANSI/ISO SQL Persistent Stored Modules (PSM) specification

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

only for the SQL API

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using Paxos

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

Just as the technical aspects of Raima Database Manager are flexible, so are the...
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News

Raima Unveils RaimaDB 16.0: Elevating Database Performance and User Experience
29 February 2024

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v15, a Powerful Embedded Time Series Database
10 June 2021

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v14.2, a Powerful IoT Edge Embedded Database
8 October 2020

Raima Joins BlackBerry QNX Channel Partner Program to Deliver Safety-Critical and Secure Software Solutions
1 October 2020

Raima Expands Their Reseller Network in Asia
19 May 2020

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.