DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Postgres-XL vs. RDF4J vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Postgres-XL vs. RDF4J vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.47
Rank	#76	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	44.69
Rank	#22	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Website

cloud.google.com/datastore

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.postgres-xl.org

rdf4j.org

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

rdf4j.org/documentation

help.sap.com/hana

Developer

Google

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

SAP

Initial release

2008

2010

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

2004

2010

Current release

V12

10 R1, October 2018

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
macOS

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Appliance or cloud-service

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes, details here

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

using Google App Engine

Transact SQL

user defined functions

yes

SQLScript, R

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using Paxos

yes, with always 3 replicas available

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

MVCC

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

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