DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

Well established RDBMS

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Widely used RDBMS

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.47
Rank	#76	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	20.56
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

cloud.google.com/datastore

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

www.oracle.com/database

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

docs.oracle.com/en/database

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Google

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Oracle

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2008

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2016

1980

2014

Current release

11.2, May 2022

23c, September 2023

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Scala

Server operating systems

hosted

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes, details here

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
Java
PHP

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

using Google App Engine

yes

Transact SQL

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using Paxos

Ingres Replicator

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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