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DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. GraphDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. GraphDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.49
Rank#79  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score3.10
Rank#100  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score2.75
Rank#107  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score105.40
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­datastorewww.ontotext.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­access
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextGoogleMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release20082000201119922016
Current release10.4, October 20231.23, February 20211902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++Java
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes, details hereyesnoyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (GQL)stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standard
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresusing Google App Enginewell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilitynoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engine
TriggersCallbacks using the Google Apps Enginenonoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using PaxosMulti-source replicationnonenoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes infoConstraint checkingnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDnoACID infobut no files for transaction loggingno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.nono infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Access rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud DatastoreGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMLevelDBMicrosoft AccessToroDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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