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DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Access vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Access vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Microsoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Widely used in-process key-value storeA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score101.16
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­datastorecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accesswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
DeveloperGoogleGoogleMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle8Kdata
Initial release20082017199219942016
Current release1902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 201918.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Java
Server operating systemshostedhostedWindows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes, details hereyesyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresusing Google App Enginenoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineno
TriggersCallbacks using the Google Apps Enginenoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyes infoonly for the SQL APIno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using PaxosMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003noAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Google Cloud DatastoreGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft AccessOracle Berkeley DBToroDB
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