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DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.49
Rank#79  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#107  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score105.40
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­datastorecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­access
DeveloperGoogleGoogleGoogleMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release20082017201119922016
Current release1.23, February 20211902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemshostedhostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes, details hereyesnoyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standard
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresusing Google App Enginenonoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engine
TriggersCallbacks using the Google Apps Enginenonoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using PaxosMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.nonenoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID infobut no files for transaction loggingno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nono infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Access rights for users and roles

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More resources
Google Cloud DatastoreGoogle Cloud SpannerLevelDBMicrosoft AccessToroDB
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