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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableFully managed big data interactive analytics platformBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Wide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablehbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgres-xl.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docshbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoft
Initial release2015200820192014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB
Current release2.3.4, January 2021cloud service with continuous releases10 R1, October 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoMozilla public license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free, schema definition possibleFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenooptions to bring your own types, AVROyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionality
Secondary indexesnonoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infodistributed, parallel query execution
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoCoprocessors in JavaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)noACID infoMVCC
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableHBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgres-XL
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