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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Graphite vs. Greenplum vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Graphite vs. Greenplum vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonGreenplum  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Data logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called WhisperAnalytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database infoA logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score4.83
Rank#67  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Score8.08
Rank#48  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablegithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-webgreenplum.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorersurrealdb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsgraphite.readthedocs.iodocs.greenplum.orgdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorersurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperGoogleChris DavisPivotal Software Inc.MicrosoftSurrealDB Ltd
Initial release20152006200520192022
Current release7.0.0, September 2023cloud service with continuous releasesv1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languagePythonRust
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
LinuxhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoNumeric data onlyyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infosince Version 4.2yes
Secondary indexesnonoyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
HTTP API
Sockets
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
Java
Perl
Python
R
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnonoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnoneSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)noneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsnoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infolockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources
Google Cloud BigtableGraphiteGreenplumMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSurrealDB
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