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DBMS > dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Graph Engine vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison dBASE vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Graph Engine vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamedBASE  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptiondBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.34
Rank#44  Overall
#28  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.dbase.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.graphengine.iowww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationwww.dbase.com/­support/­knowledgebasecloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperAsthon TateGoogleMicrosoftMarkLogic Corp.Microsoft
Initial release19792015201020012016
Current releasedBASE 2019, 201911.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation language.NET and CC++C++
Server operating systemsDOS infodBase Classic
Windows infodBase Pro
hosted.NETLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnononoyes infoSQL92yes
APIs and other access methodsnone infoThe IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
RESTful HTTP APIJava API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesdBase proprietary IDEC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresno infoThe IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.noyesyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQL
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioningShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infonot for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMSAtomic single-row operationsnoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyes

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More resources
dBASEGoogle Cloud BigtableGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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