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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Graph Engine vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Graph Engine vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Neo4j

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.graphengine.iowww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsneo4j.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release20152010200120162007
Current release11.0, December 20225.19, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation language.NET and CC++C++Java, Scala
Server operating systemshosted.NETLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infoSQL92yesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
RESTful HTTP APIJava API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQLyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersnonoyesnoyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningyes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsnoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyesUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud BigtableGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseNeo4j
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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