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DBMS > Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RethinkDB vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RethinkDB vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.66
Rank#107  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­bigtablecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerrethinkdb.comwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerrethinkdb.com/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperGoogleGoogleMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017Dwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release20152017201920092000
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases2.4.1, August 20203.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C
Server operating systemshostedhostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
server-less
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyClient-side triggers through changefeedsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding inforange basednone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataAtomic single-row operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoAtomic single-document operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCC basedyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authenticationyes infousers and table-level permissionsno

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Google Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRethinkDBSQLite
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