DBMS > Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle NoSQL

System Properties Comparison Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle NoSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Graph DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	61.90
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	29.85
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	2.12
Rank	#125	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	2.96
Rank	#103	Overall
	#18	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#52	Relational DBMS

Website

cloud.google.com/bigquery

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.nebula-graph.io

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

Developer

Google

Microsoft

Vesoft Inc.

Oracle

Initial release

2010

2014

2019

2011

Current release

23.3, December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Strong typed schema

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

optional

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

JavaScript

user defined functions

Triggers

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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