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DBMS > GBase vs. Milvus vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison GBase vs. Milvus vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGBase  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSVector DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.05
Rank#186  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score2.78
Rank#103  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.gbase.cnmilvus.ioneo4j.comwww.postgresql.orgtypedb.com
Technical documentationmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdneo4j.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docstypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.Neo4j, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerVaticle
Initial release2004201920071989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current releaseGBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c2.3.4, January 20245.20, May 202416.3, May 20242.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for MilvusNeo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
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Implementation languageC, Java, PythonC++, GoJava, ScalaCJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free and schema-optionalyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesVector, Numeric and Stringyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLStandard with numerous extensionsnonoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languagesC#C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyesnoyes infovia event handleryesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningShardingyes using Neo4j Fabricpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlyesRole based access control and fine grained access rightsUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
GBaseMilvusNeo4jPostgreSQLTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
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