DBMS > FoundationDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Trino

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.89
Rank	#197	Overall
	#32	Document stores
	#29	Key-value stores
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	674.32
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	5.34
Rank	#60	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.postgresql.org

trino.io

Technical documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

www.postgresql.org/docs

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Developer

FoundationDB

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2013

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

16.4, August 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

standard with numerous extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

News

73: Wrapping Trino packages with a bow
9 April 2025

Core Principles and Design Practices of OLAP Engines
27 March 2025

72: Keeping the lake clean
17 March 2025

Twenty four
3 March 2025

71: Fake it real good
27 February 2025

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