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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Lovefield vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Lovefield vs. Titan

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.33
Rank#286  Overall
#131  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldbgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleGoogleAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release2013201120142012
Current release6.2.28, November 20201.23, February 20212.1.12, February 2017
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++JavaScriptJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlynoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternno
APIs and other access methodsJava API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
JavaScriptClojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynonoyes
TriggersnonoUsing read-only observersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnonenoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynoyesyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infousing MemoryDB
User concepts infoAccess controlnononoUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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FoundationDBLevelDBLovefieldTitan
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