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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. LMDB vs. TerminusDB vs. TimescaleDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. LMDB vs. TerminusDB vs. TimescaleDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeGraph DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbterminusdb.comwww.timescale.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.lmdb.tech/­docterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#docs.timescale.com
DeveloperFoundationDBSymasDataChemist Ltd.Timescale8Kdata
Initial release20132011201820172016
Current release6.2.28, November 20200.9.32, January 202411.0.0, January 20232.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CProlog, RustCJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlynoSQL-like query language (WOQL)yes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsOWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynoyesuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneGraph Partitioningyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneJournaling StreamsSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infoSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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FoundationDBLMDBTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTimescaleDBToroDB
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