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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. InterSystems Caché vs. Microsoft Access vs. Stardog vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. InterSystems Caché vs. Microsoft Access vs. Stardog vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems Caché  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.Caché is a deprecated database engine which is substituted with InterSystems IRIS. It therefore is removed from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A multi-model DBMS and application serverMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score101.16
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.intersystems.com/­products/­cachewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accesswww.stardog.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.intersystems.comdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessdocs.stardog.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperFoundationDBInterSystemsMicrosoftStardog-UnionOpenLink Software
Initial release20131997199220101998
Current release6.2.28, November 20202018.1.4, May 20201902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 20197.3.0, May 20207.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft Officecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++JavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsLinux
macOS
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasdepending on used data modelyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
C++
Java
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyes infovia event handlersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replicationnoneMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesyesyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and rolesno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Access rights for users and rolesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBInterSystems CachéMicrosoft AccessStardogVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
FoundationDBInterSystems CachéMicrosoft AccessStardogVirtuoso
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