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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeKey-value storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
github.com/­google/­leveldbgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.immudb.iogithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.md
DeveloperFoundationDBCodenotaryGoogle8Kdata
Initial release2013202020112016
Current release6.2.28, November 20201.2.3, April 20221.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++GoC++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlySQL-like syntaxno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynono
Triggersnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
FoundationDBImmudbLevelDBToroDB
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