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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Heroic vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Heroic vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Time Series DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score0.51
Rank#255  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbspotify.github.io/­heroicdocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
DeveloperFoundationDBSpotifyMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release20132014200120161994
Current release6.2.28, November 202011.0, December 202218.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++C++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesnoyes infovia Elasticsearchyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlynoyes infoSQL92yesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQLno
Triggersnonoyesnoyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesyesyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyesno

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More resources
FoundationDBHeroicMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOracle Berkeley DB
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