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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Heroic vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Heroic vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. SpatiaLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerSpatial extension of SQLite
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Time Series DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score0.51
Rank#255  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score1.60
Rank#149  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­index
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbspotify.github.io/­heroicwww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.html
DeveloperFoundationDBSpotifySymasMicrosoftAlessandro Furieri
Initial release20132014201120162008
Current release6.2.28, November 20200.9.32, January 20245.0.0, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaCC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
hostedserver-less
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyes infovia Elasticsearchnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlynonoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynonoTransact SQLno
Triggersnonononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesnoneyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoyesno

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More resources
FoundationDBHeroicLMDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseSpatiaLite
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