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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Heroic vs. Kingbase vs. LMDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Heroic vs. Kingbase vs. LMDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score0.50
Rank#257  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
Score2.09
Rank#121  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.kingbase.com.cnwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdb
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbspotify.github.io/­heroicwww.lmdb.tech/­doc
DeveloperFoundationDBSpotifyBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.Symas
Initial release2013201419992011
Current release6.2.28, November 2020V8.0, August 20210.9.32, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC and JavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesnoyes infovia Elasticsearchyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlynoStandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynouser defined functionsno
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
FoundationDBHeroicKingbaseLMDB
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