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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. SpatiaLite vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL vs. SpatiaLite vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpatial extension of SQLiteAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Spatial DBMSVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.63
Rank#146  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Score1.52
Rank#153  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.h2database.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­indexgithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.htmlweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
DeveloperFoundationDBThomas MuellerPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerAlessandro FurieriWeaviate B.V.
Initial release201320051989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20082019
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.2.220, July 202316.3, May 20245.0.0, August 20201.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1Open Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaCC++Go
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-less
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesyesyes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Java.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersnoyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBH2PostgreSQLSpatiaLiteWeaviate
Specific characteristicsWeaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantagesFlexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenariosAs a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customersAll companies that have data. ​
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Market metricsAs of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing modelsWeaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
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FoundationDBH2PostgreSQLSpatiaLiteWeaviate
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