DBMS > FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpatiaLite vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpatiaLite vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Spatial extension of SQLite

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.06
Rank	#185	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#85	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.63
Rank	#146	Overall
	#3	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#345	Overall
	#35	Graph DBMS

Website

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.h2database.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/index

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite_topics.html

Developer

FoundationDB

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Alessandro Furieri

Initial release

2013

2005

1989

2008

2009

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

2.2.220, July 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

5.0.0, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

MPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

server-less

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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