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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenQM vs. RisingWave

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenQM vs. RisingWave

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOpenQM infoalso called QM  Xexclude from comparisonRisingWave  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformQpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMSA distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedMultivalue DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.27
Rank#298  Overall
#10  Multivalue DBMS
Score0.58
Rank#242  Overall
#111  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-open-qmwww.risingwave.com/­database
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.risingwave.com/­docs/­current/­intro
DeveloperFoundationDBThomas MuellerMicrosoftRocket Software, originally Martin PhillipsRisingWave Labs
Initial release20132005201919932022
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases3.4-121.2, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaRust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedAIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infowith some exceptionsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesStandard SQL-types and JSON
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RyesUDFs in Python or Java
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelUsers and Roles

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More resources
FoundationDBH2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerOpenQM infoalso called QMRisingWave
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