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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. LevelDB vs. Sequoiadb vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. LevelDB vs. Sequoiadb vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesNewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQLTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.45
Rank#261  Overall
#41  Document stores
#122  Relational DBMS
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.ontotext.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.sequoiadb.compingcap.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=indexdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperFoundationDBOntotextGoogleSequoiadb Ltd.PingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20132000201120132016
Current release6.2.28, November 202010.4, October 20231.23, February 20218.0.0, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++C++Go, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesnoyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regexyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlystored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
proprietary protocol using JSONGORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlywell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilitynoJavaScriptno
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationnoneSource-replica replicationUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infoConstraint checkingnonoyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoDocument is locked during a transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.nosimple password-based access controlFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMLevelDBSequoiadbTiDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more
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