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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SAP SQL Anywhere

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SAP SQL Anywhere

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSRDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environments
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score4.25
Rank#79  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.marklogic.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sql-anywhere.html
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.marklogic.comlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverhelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_SQL_Anywhere
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftSAP infoformerly Sybase
Initial release20132017200119891992
Current release6.2.28, November 202011.0, December 2022SQL Server 2022, November 202217, July 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL92yesyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perl
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoDatabase mirroring
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
FoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerMarkLogicMicrosoft SQL ServerSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere
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