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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Heroic vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Heroic vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­bigtablegithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.progress.com/­marklogicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsspotify.github.io/­heroicwww.progress.com/­marklogic/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleSpotifyMarkLogic Corp.Microsoft
Initial release20132015201420012016
Current release6.2.28, November 202011.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesnonoyes infovia Elasticsearchyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlynonoyes infoSQL92yes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynonoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQL
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynononono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsnoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyes

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More resources
FoundationDBGoogle Cloud BigtableHeroicMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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