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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. GBase vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. TiDB vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. GBase vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. TiDB vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGBase  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Widely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.Widely used in-process key-value storeTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score4.66
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.gbase.cnwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlpingcap.comtypedb.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stabletypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperFoundationDBGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.Oracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OraclePingCAP, Inc.Vaticle
Initial release20132004199420162016
Current release6.2.28, November 2020GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c18.1.40, May 20208.0.0, March 20242.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageC++C, Java, PythonC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)Go, RustJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionnono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyStandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyesno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functionsnonono
Triggersnoyesyes infoonly for the SQL APInono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnonehorizontal partitioning (by key range)Sharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesSource-replica replicationUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Multi-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infowith TiSpark Connectoryes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesnoyes infofull support since version 6.6no infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyesnoFine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBGBaseOracle Berkeley DBTiDBTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
FoundationDBGBaseOracle Berkeley DBTiDBTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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