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DBMS > Firebird vs. Kyligence Enterprise vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. Kyligence Enterprise vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. TempoIQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonKyligence Enterprise  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB  Xexclude from comparison
TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseA distributed analytics engine for big data, built on top of Apache KylinDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationScalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.82
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score0.40
Rank#269  Overall
#124  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orgkyligence.io/­kyligence-enterpriseazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.stardog.comtempoiq.com (offline)
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperFirebird FoundationKyligence, Inc.MicrosoftStardog-UnionTempoIQ
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase2016201020102012
Current release5.0.0, January 2024V127.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public Licensecommercialcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++JavaC++Java
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)yesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javano
Triggersyesyesyes infovia event handlersyes infoRealtime Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolessimple authentication-based access control

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More resources
FirebirdKyligence EnterpriseMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureStardogTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB
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