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DBMS > Firebird vs. IRONdb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. IRONdb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonIRONdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseA distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicityMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.82
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orgwww.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/www.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualsdocs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-startedlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperFirebird FoundationCirconus LLC.MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase201719891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release5.0.0, January 2024V0.10.20, January 2018SQL Server 2022, November 202216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++C and C++C++C
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infotext, numeric, histogramsyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)yesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLyes, in LuaTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneAutomatic, metric affinity per nodetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationconfigurable replication factor, datacenter awareyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodesImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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