DBMS > Firebird vs. HugeGraph vs. Oracle vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. HugeGraph vs. Oracle vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Firebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBase

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Widely used RDBMS

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
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Score	20.50
Rank	#30	Overall
	#18	Relational DBMS

Score	0.17
Rank	#335	Overall
	#31	Graph DBMS

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.firebirdsql.org

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

www.oracle.com/database

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

www.firebirdsql.org/en/reference-manuals

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

docs.oracle.com/en/database

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Firebird Foundation

Baidu

Oracle

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2000

As fork of Borland's InterBase

2018

1980

2019

Current release

5.0.0, January 2024

0.9

23c, September 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Initial Developer's Public License

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C and C++

Java

C and C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less

Firebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
macOS
Unix

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC

Jaybird
ODBC
OLE DB

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Groovy
Java
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PSQL

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Features a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writers

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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