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DBMS > Firebird vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud serviceIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score20.82
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score44.69
Rank#22  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.postgresql.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.htmlwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docshelp.sap.com/­hanadocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperFirebird FoundationGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSAPOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase20171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20101998
Current release5.0.0, January 202416.3, May 20242.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 202311 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicensecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono infoalso available as a cloud based serviceno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++C
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Appliance or cloud-serviceAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.SQLScript, RPL/SQL
Triggersyesnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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