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DBMS > Firebird vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Pinecone vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Pinecone vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA managed, cloud-native vector databaseAn in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSVector DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score19.46
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score3.02
Rank#87  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score1.26
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.pinecone.iowww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overviewdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.html
DeveloperFirebird FoundationGoogleMicrosoftPinecone Systems, IncOracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase2017201020191998
Current release5.0.1, August 2024V12Release 22.1
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public Licensecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC and C++C++
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hostedhostedhostedIBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesString, Number, Booleanyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesnoyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
PythonC
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLnoTransact SQLPL/SQL
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
FirebirdGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePineconeTimesTen
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