DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. MySQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. SingleStore vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. MySQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. SingleStore vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

Widely used open source RDBMS

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.64
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	1061.34
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	5.38
Rank	#62	Overall
	#35	Relational DBMS

Score	4.99
Rank	#65	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Website

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

www.mysql.com

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.singlestore.com

trino.io

Technical documentation

firebase.google.com/docs/database

dev.mysql.com/doc

docs.nebula-graph.io

docs.singlestore.com

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Social network pages

Developer

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Vesoft Inc.

SingleStore Inc.

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2012

1995

2019

2013

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

8.4.0, April 2024

8.5, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

free developer edition available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.

SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

C and C++

C++

C++, Go

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

64 bit version required

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Strong typed schema

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language

yes

but no triggers and foreign keys

yes

APIs and other access methods

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Cluster Management API

as HTTP Rest and CLI
HTTP API
JDBC
MongoDB API
ODBC

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Bash
C
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

limited functionality with using 'rules'

yes

proprietary syntax

user defined functions

yes

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Sharding

hash partitioning

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Source-replica replication

stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log.

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Role-based access control

Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed...
» more

Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more

Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with...
» more

High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting...
» more

Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more

Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,...
» more

Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry...
» more

33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition
» more

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more

News

One busy week to go before Trino Fest 2024
6 June 2024

60: Trino calling AI
22 May 2024

Big names round out the Trino Fest 2024 lineup
8 May 2024

59: Querying Trino with Java and jOOQ
24 April 2024

A sneak peek of Trino Fest 2024
15 April 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.