DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TDengine

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TDengine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

High performance Time Series DBMS

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS and big data platform

Primary database model

Document store

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.60
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	7.73
Rank	#45	Overall
	#2	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	3.28
Rank	#83	Overall
	#45	Relational DBMS

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.48
Rank	#107	Overall
	#9	Time Series DBMS

Website

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

kx.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

github.com/taosdata/TDengine
tdengine.com

Technical documentation

firebase.google.com/docs/database

code.kx.com

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.tdengine.com

Developer

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

Microsoft

TDEngine, previously Taos Data

Initial release

2012

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

2019

1989

2019

Current release

3.6, May 2018

cloud service with continuous releases

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.0, August 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free 32-bit version

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

AGPL V3, also commercial editions available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (q)

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications

APIs and other access methods

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

limited functionality with using 'rules'

user defined functions

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

with views

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

yes, via alarm monitoring

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

similar paradigm used for internal processing

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

rights management via user accounts

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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TDengine™ is a time-series database designed to help traditional industries overcome...
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Competitive advantages

provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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High Performance at Any Scale: With its distributed scalable architecture that grows...
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Typical application scenarios

tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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TDengine is purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and the Industrial IoT (IIoT) and particularly...
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Key customers

Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more

Market metrics

kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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TDengine has garnered over 23,000 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
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Licensing and pricing models

upon request
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TDengine OSS is free, open-source software released under the AGPLv3. TDengine Enterprise...
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News

Optimize Data Consolidation for Multi-Site Renewable Energy Operations
9 September 2024

Connect Power BI to TDengine
6 September 2024

Using Streams and Subscriptions for Alerting
5 September 2024

Solar Panel Monitoring: OPC UA Ingestion
2 September 2024

Time-Series Databases: A Game Changer for the Renewable Energy Industry
30 August 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.