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DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Neo4j

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.High performance Time Series DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelDocument storeTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.64
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score7.71
Rank#49  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websitefirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasekx.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverneo4j.com
Technical documentationfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasecode.kx.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftMicrosoftNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release20122000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003201919892007
Current release3.6, May 2018cloud service with continuous releasesSQL Server 2022, November 20225.20, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageqC++Java, Scala
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'all fields are automatically indexedyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language (q)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesno
APIs and other access methodsAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored procedureslimited functionality with using 'rules'user defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
TriggersCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes infowith viewsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationyes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyes, based on authentication and database rulesrights management via user accountsAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Firebase Realtime DatabaseKdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft SQL ServerNeo4j
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
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Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
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