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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelSearch engineWide column storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableswww.postgresql.orgwww.sqlite.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperElasticMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerDwayne Richard HippOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release201020121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20001998
Current release8.6, January 202316.3, May 20243.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoPublic Domaincommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-lessAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeyesyes infodynamic column typesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedyes
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noPL/SQL
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectornononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanooptimistic lockingACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locksyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
ElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure Table StoragePostgreSQLSQLiteTimesTen
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