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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. openGemini vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. openGemini vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonopenGemini  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceAn open source distributed Time Series DBMS with high concurrency, high performance, and high scalabilityWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelSearch engineDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score0.01
Rank#375  Overall
#39  Time Series DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.opengemini.org
github.com/­openGemini
www.postgresql.org
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.opengemini.org/­guidewww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperElasticMicrosoftHuawei and openGemini communityPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2010201420221989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release8.6, January 20231.1, July 202316.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaGoC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesInteger, Float, Boolean, Stringyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
HTTP RESTADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJavaScriptnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureJavaScriptnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectorwith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelAdministrators and common users accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
ElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBopenGeminiPostgreSQL
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