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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelSearch engineDocument storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score2.75
Rank#104  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.stardog.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperElasticIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014MicrosoftStardog-Union8Kdata
Initial release20102010201020102016
Current release8.6, January 2023V127.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaErlangC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesyesyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectoryesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoatomic operations within a document possibleACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
ElasticsearchIBM CloudantMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureStardogToroDB
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