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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelSearch engineRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.60
Rank#244  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.harperdb.ioazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.harperdb.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperElasticGoogleHarperDBMicrosoftOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20102017201720101998
Current release8.6, January 20233.1, August 2021V1211 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercial infofree community edition availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaNode.jsC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesdynamic schemayesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON data typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like data manipulation statementsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1Transact SQLPL/SQL
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusternone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectoryes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationAtomic execution of specific operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, using LMDByesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
ElasticsearchGoogle Cloud SpannerHarperDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureTimesTen
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