DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. RethinkDB vs. Solr
System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. RethinkDB vs. Solr
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| Name | Elasticsearch Xexclude from comparison | Firebase Realtime Database Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | RethinkDB Xexclude from comparison | Solr Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene  Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric | Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data. | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime. | A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Search engine | Document store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Document store | Search engine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Spatial DBMS | Spatial DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.elastic.co/elasticsearch | firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database | www.postgresql.org | rethinkdb.com | solr.apache.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html | firebase.google.com/docs/database | www.postgresql.org/docs | rethinkdb.com/docs | solr.apache.org/resources.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Elastic | Google acquired by Google 2014 | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | The Linux Foundation since July 2017 | Apache Software Foundation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2010 | 2012 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2009 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 8.6, January 2023 | 16.3, May 2024 | 2.4.1, August 2020 | 9.6.0, April 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Elastic License | commercial | Open Source BSD | Open Source Apache Version 2 | Open Source Apache Version 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | yes | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | Java | C | C++ | Java | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | All OS with a Java VM | hosted | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux OS X Windows | All OS with a Java VM runs as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent | schema-free | yes | schema-free | yes Dynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry | yes supports customizable data types and automatic typing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes All search fields are automatically indexed | yes | yes | yes | yes All search fields are automatically indexed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SQL-like query language | no | yes standard with numerous extensions | no | Solr Parallel SQL Interface | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | Java API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | Android iOS JavaScript API RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | Java API RESTful HTTP/JSON API | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net Groovy Community Contributed Clients Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby | Java JavaScript Objective-C | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C community-supported driver C# community-supported driverC++ community-supported driverClojure community-supported driverDart community-supported driverErlang community-supported driverGo community-supported driverHaskell community-supported driverJava official driverJavaScript (Node.js) official driverLisp community-supported driverLua community-supported driverObjective-C community-supported driverPerl community-supported driverPHP community-supported driverPython official driverRuby official driverScala community-supported driver | .Net Erlang Java JavaScript any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes | limited functionality with using 'rules' | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | Java plugins | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes by using the 'percolation' feature | Callbacks are triggered when data changes | yes | Client-side triggers through changefeeds | yes User configurable commands triggered on index changes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding range based | Sharding | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Source-replica replication | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | ES-Hadoop Connector | no | no | yes | spark-solr: github.com/lucidworks/spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all | Eventual Consistency if the client is offline Immediate Consistency if the client is online | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | yes | ACID | Atomic single-document operations | optimistic locking | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes MVCC based | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | Memcached and Redis integration | no | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | yes, based on authentication and database rules | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | yes users and table-level permissions | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Elasticsearch | Firebase Realtime Database | PostgreSQL | RethinkDB | Solr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2017 Elasticsearch moved into the top 10 most popular database management systems MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking | Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | Meet some database management systems you are likely to hear more about in the future | Elasticsearch replaced Solr as the most popular search engine Enterprise Search Engines almost double their popularity in the last 12 months The DB-Engines ranking includes now search engines Elasticsearch Open Inference API Now Supports Microsoft Azure AI Studio Splunk vs Elasticsearch | A Comparison and How to Choose Introducing Elasticsearch Vector Database to Azure OpenAI Service On Your Data (Preview) Netflix Uses Elasticsearch Percolate Queries to Implement Reverse Searches Efficiently ElasticSearch Goes Deep on OpenTelemetry with eBPF Donation provided by Google News Realtime vs Cloud Firestore: Which Firebase Database to go? Atos cybersecurity blog: Misconfigured Firebase: A real-time cyber threat Don't be like these 900+ websites and expose millions of passwords via Firebase Google Firebase may have exposed 125M records from misconfigurations Google launches Firebase Genkit, a new open source framework for building AI-powered apps provided by Google News How LeadSquared accelerated chatbot deployments with generative AI using Amazon Bedrock and Amazon Aurora ... EDB unveils EDB Postgres AI Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need Why PostgreSQL Is the Bedrock for the Future of Data General availability: Microsoft Entra ID integration with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL | Azure updates provided by Google News How to Use RethinkDB with Node.js Applications — SitePoint Stripe acquires team behind NoSQL database startup RethinkDB MongoDB: The Popular Database for IoT RethinkDB is dead, and MongoDB isn't what killed it How to deploy RethinkDB using Docker provided by Google News (SOLR) Proactive Strategies Solr Network Launches Groundbreaking Solana Token Creator SOLR-led walkout demands better conditions for Compass workers Have Insiders Been Buying Solar Alliance Energy Inc. (CVE:SOLR) Shares? Closing Bell: Solar Alliance Energy Inc flat on Tuesday (SOLR) provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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