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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. FatDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. FatDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TimescaleDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonFatDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
FatDB/FatCloud has ceased operations as a company with February 2014. FatDB is discontinued and excluded from the ranking.
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA .NET NoSQL DBMS that can integrate with and extend SQL Server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelSearch engineDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperElasticFatCloudMicrosoftTimescale
Initial release2010201220192017
Current release8.6, January 2023cloud service with continuous releases2.13.0, November 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC#C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMWindowshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageno infoVia inetgration in SQL ServerKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
.NET Client API
LINQ
RESTful HTTP API
RPC
Windows WCF Bindings
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infovia applicationsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyes infovia applicationsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop ConnectoryesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoCan implement custom security layer via applicationsAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
ElasticsearchFatDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTimescaleDB
DB-Engines blog posts

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2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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